Thank you for your interest in the Doctrine of Discovery Project you can contact us at <info@doctrineofdiscovery.org>


Contact

![Our Podcasts Cover Art](/images/mapping-doctrine-of-discovery-favicon.png)


We launch this Podcast with Columbus’ arrival to the “New World.” This event issued forth the “Age of Discovery.” Although we were taught Columbus was in search of spices, he was actually sailing under 15<sup>th</sup> century Papal edicts known as the Doctrines of Christian Discovery [DOCD], decreeing that explorers were “…to invade, search out, capture, vanquish, and subdue all Saracens [Muslims] and pagans whatsoever, and other enemies of Christ…to reduce their persons to perpetual slavery,…[and] convert them to his use and profit…”

Following the fall of Constantinople, these Papal Bulls were issued to legitimate Portugal’s exploits in extracting gold in West Africa and capturing slaves. By 1492, the Trans-Atlantic slave trade began with Columbus’ first crossing. The DOCD established the spiritual justification to bring the world under total dominion of the Church. The patriarchal hierarchy was constituted under an Almighty Supreme God at the helm—thus giving the Church full access to the world’s resources, by having dominion over Indigenous Peoples, their lands, and destruction of their cultures.

These Christian decrees soon became the legal principle used during the Protestant Reformation, by giving credence to any Protestant claim to Indigenous lands in the Americas. By 1823, the DOCD was codified into US property law by the Supreme Court in [Johnson v M’Intosh](https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/johnson-v-mcintosh/). As recently as 2005, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg upheld the DOCD in her written majority opinion against the Oneida in; [City of Sherrill v Oneida Nation](https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/sherrill-v-oneida-opinion-of-the-court/).

Following 15<sup>th</sup> century Christian imperialism, through to the 19<sup>th</sup> century formulation of US law, we are able to identify today, how the DOCD continues to be utilized all over the world by multi-national corporations. Corporations who continue to justify resource extraction through the seizure and destruction of Indigenous lands, and who perpetrate cultural genocide through  the 15<sup>th</sup> century fiction of “terra nullius”— empty land, and under the guise of economic development.

The goal of this Podcast is to help identify these systems of domination that have been sustained by greed and power, through the subjugation of human beings and the natural world.

## Sponsors

*   [Henry Luce Foundation](https://www.hluce.org/)

*   [Syracuse University Engaged Humanities](https://thecollege.syr.edu/engaged-humanities/)

*   [Syracuse University Department of Religion](https://thecollege.syr.edu/religion/)

*   [Indigenous Values Initiative](https://indigenousvalues.org/)

*   [American Indian Law Alliance](http://aila.ngo/)

## Credits

*   Onondaga Social Dance songs performed by Orris Edwards and Regis Cook

*   Hosts: [Philip P. Arnold and Sandy Bigtree](https://indigenousvalues.org/about/our-team/)

*   Producers: [Jordan Loewen-Colón](https://www.jordanbradyloewen.com/) and [Adam DJ Brett](https://adamdjbrett.com/)


About

Season 1

Episodes

email

Get Podcast Straight Into your Inbox

center

Episodes, Season 1

Season 2

Episodes, Season 2


[Download a transcript of Episode 0 as a PDF](/pdfs/Episode-0-Introducting-Mapping-The-Doctrine-of-Discovery-Transcript-rev2.pdf)


We begin this episode with a [land acknowledgement](/land/). Our hosts Prof. [Philip P. Arnold and Sandy Bigtree (Mohawk Nation)](https://indigenousvalues.org/about/our-team/) begin by explaining the need for and importance of this podcast and how they hope it will be a helpful educational resource for college classrooms.

To begin mapping [The Doctrine of Discovery](https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/) our hosts start by discussing the iconic, Christopher Columbus. A man who literally embodies the Doctrine of Discovery. His voyage was funded by the Roman Catholic Church and the Crowns of Europe. A series of [papal bulls](https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/papal-bulls/) provided the theological and legal justifications for the European settler-colonizers to feel comfortable participating in Enslavement, Exploitation, and Extraction (Steven T. Newcomb’s _Pagans in the Promised Land_ helps to explain this helpful summary of the Papal Bulls).

Moving forward in the historical discussion Arnold and Bigtree ask how do a series of Papal Bulls become codified in U.S. law and religion and why are they so important today? They turn our attention to [Johnson v. M’Intosh (1823).](https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/johnson-v-mcintosh/) In this Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) ruling Chief Justice John Marshall codifies the Papal Bulls along with various treaties, and land patents into what is now known as the Doctrine of Discovery. Our hosts suggest that it is more accurate to speak of it as the Doctrine of Christian Discovery or the Christian Doctrine of Discovery because while Marshall seeks to downplay Christianity; nonetheless the Doctrine of Discovery is profoundly Christian. Continuing to focus on the legal dimension of the doctrine we move forward to the [2005 Sherrill v. Oneida case](https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/sherrill-v-oneida-opinion-of-the-court/). Noted liberal justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg authors the court’s decision and in footnote 1 writes:

Under the “doctrine of discovery,” County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation of N. Y…. “fee title to the lands occupied by Indians when the colonists arrived became vested in the sovereign–first the discovering European nation and later the original States and the United States,” Oneida Indian Nation of N. Y. v. County of Oneida… In the original 13 States, “fee title to Indian lands,” or “the pre-emptive right to purchase from the Indians, was in the State…” Both before and after the adoption of the Constitution, New York State acquired vast tracts of land from Indian tribes through treaties it independently negotiated, without National Government participation…

Ginsburg’s footnote further illustrates how the Doctrine of Christian Discovery is foundational to U.S. property law and is supported by SCOTUS across the religious and political spectrum.

Turning from law Arnold and Bigtree move on to examining the religious dimensions of the Doctrine of Christian Discovery. To understand how the doctrine functions, one must understand how it combines Christianity and law together in an attempt to undermine Indigenous sovereignty. The Doctrine of Christian Discovery is not only about law and land but also about religious observance and the separation between church and state. Bigtree puts it eloquently:

  > The Doctrine of Discovery justified the conversion of native people. When they came into Haudenosaunee territory, specifically Onondaga, they arrived with a deed to 600 square miles of land, right in the heart of Onondaga Nation territory. This is sacred land. It’s a sacred lake where thousands of years ago, a peacemaker came and provided the instructions on how separate Indian Nations could unite under this law of peace, these principles of peace (00:12:47).

Highlighting the circulation of power and influence Arnold and Bigtree talk about how the Doctrine of Christian Discovery has impacted Deyhontsigwa’ehs/lacrosse, (00:17:50).

Returning to the religious dimensions of the Doctrine of Discovery, Prof. Arnold defines the Doctrine of Christian Discovery as **theology of conquest**. A theology of conquest is:

  > So, this is what we refer to as the theology of conquest and the deep cultural factors in our society today that are driving us towards the end \[i.e., the Apocalypse\] have their root in the Doctrine of Discovery. And even though it has been traumatic for so many people around the world, it’s been \[more\] traumatic for Indigenous Peoples around the world, it’s what motivated the assimilationist movement in the 20th century, where various Christian denominations were setting up Indian boarding schools around the world but particularly here in the United States and Canada (22:39).

Having defined and discussed the theology of conquest which animated the Doctrine of Christian Discovery, Arnold and Bigtree place it in juxtaposition with Indigenous values and religions (a concept which is complicated for Indigenous nations 00:31:48). After an important comparison and contrast between Haudenosaunee values and a Christian theology of conquest, Arnold and Bigtree move on to how the theology of conquest becomes part of the economy and consumerism (00:44:19). The theology of conquest and its profit economy are in contradistinction to the Indigenous gift economy.

The episode concludes with a discussion of the impact of the Doctrine of Christian Discovery on sovereignty and the uniqueness of Onondaga Nation as a sovereign nation still using their traditional system of governance, speaking their language, travelling on their own passports, and flourishing despite the Doctrine of Discovery and settler colonization. Vine Deloria, Jr. (Standing Rock Sioux) once remarked that Onondaga Nation provides a clear example of a path forward (00:49:48) because of Onondaga Nation continuing to uphold their treaties and hold the U.S. and Canada accountable.

By way of conclusion Arnold and Bigtree return to the root causes of the Doctrine of Christian Discovery and its exploitation, extraction, enslavement and how churches and religious organizations are working to repudiate the Doctrine of Christian Discovery and hold their religious organizations accountable.

## **Discussion questions**

*   What is the Doctrine of Discovery?
*   When does the Doctrine of Discovery begin?
*   Where is the Doctrine of Discovery operative today?
*   How is the Doctrine of Discovery religious and legal?
*   How does a theology of conquest inform the Doctrine of Christian?

## **Key Terms and Concepts**

*   [Deyhontsigwa’ehs (lacrosse)](https://indigenousvalues.org/contributions/lacrosse/)
*   Creation twins, (Cf. _The Gift of Sports_)
*   Theology of Conquest (00:22:39)
*   [The Good Mind](https://indigenousvalues.org/haudenosaunee-values/power-good-mind/)
    *   Men of the Good Mind (_Royanie_ in Mohawk)
*   Haudenosaunee Confederacy
    *   Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. Later the Tuscarora nation joined.
*   Gift Economy, (Cf. _The Gift of Sports_)

## **Key People**

*   [Tadodaho Sidney Hill](https://indigenousvalues.org/mother-earths-pandemic-speaker-bios/)
*   [Onondaga Nation Turtle Clan Faithkeeper Oren Lyons](https://news.syr.edu/blog/2020/07/29/oren-lyons-58-h93-headlines-august-conversations-about-the-doctrine-of-discovery/)
*   [Vine Deloria, Jr.](https://www.colorado.edu/law/vine-deloria-jr)
*   [Steven T. Newcomb](https://originalfreenations.com/)

## **Resources**

*   [American Indian Law Alliance](http://aila.ngo/)
*   [Indigenous Values Initiative](https://indigenousvalues.org/)
    *   [Mother Earth's Pandemic: The Doctrine of Discovery](https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/event/education/mother-earths-pandemic/) a landmark conference on the Doctrine of Christian Discovery.
*   [Doctrine of Discovery](https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/)
    *   [Papal Bulls](https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/papal-bulls/)
    *   [Doctrine of Discovery in Law](https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/faith-communities/)
    *   [Doctrine of Discovery at the UN](https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/united-nations/)
    *   [Repudiating the Doctrine of Discovery](https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/faith-communities/)
*   [Onondaga Nation](https://www.onondaganation.org/)
    *   [Learn more about Onondaga Nation reading the Neighbors of Onondaga Nation booklet (PDF)](https://indigenousvalues.org/product/noon-digital/)
*   Philip P. Arnold, _[The Gift of Sports](https://titles.cognella.com/the-gift-of-sports-9781621310471.html)_, (San Diego: Cognella, 2012)
*   Steven T. Newcomb _[Pagans in the Promised Land](https://www.chicagoreviewpress.com/pagans-in-the-promised-land-products-9781555916428.php)_ (Chicago: Chicago Review Press Fulcrum, 2008).
*   Sheldon Wolfchild (Dakota) and Steven T. Newcomb (Shawnee/Lenape) [_The Doctrine of Discovery: Unmasking the Domination Code_](https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/the-doctrine-of-discovery-unmasking-the-domination-code/)
*   [Three Sisters Gardening](https://gardening.cals.cornell.edu/lessons/curricula/the-three-sisters-exploring-an-iroquois-garden/)
*   [Sullivan Clinton Campaign](https://www.sullivanclinton.com/)
*   Amazonian topsoil
    *   Silva, L.C.R., Corrêa, R.S., Wright, J.L. \__et al.\__A new hypothesis for the origin of Amazonian Dark Earths. \__Nat Commun_\_ **12,** 127 (2021). [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467–020–20184–2](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467–020–20184–2)
*   [Why Removing Columbus Matters: From Foundational Narratives of Domination to Inclusivity](https://www.aprilonline.org/why-removing-columbus-matters/), _The Commons_, The Association for Public Religion and Intellectual Life, 2021.
*   [Forming a “More Perfect Union” Through Indigenous Values](https://orionmagazine.org/2020/09/forming-a-more-perfect-union-through-indigenous-values/), _Orion Magazine_, 2020.
*   [How the Haudenosaunee The Great Law of Peace Influenced the Founding of the US](https://www.pbs.org/native-america/blogs/native-voices/how-the-iroquois-great-law-of-peace-shaped-us-democracy/) via PBS

## Credits
- **Music**: Onondaga Social Dance songs performed by Orris Edwards and Regis Cook
- Producers: Jordan Loewen-Colón and Adam DJ Brett


## Suggested Citation
Philip P. Arnold and Sandra Bigtree, "Episode 0 - Introduction to Mapping the Doctrine of Discovery Podcast," _Mapping The Doctrine of Discovery_ (Podcast), February 12, 2022. https://podcast.doctrineofdiscovery.org/episodes/episode-0/.


Our hosts (Philip P. Arnold & Sandy Bigtree) introduce the concept of the Doctrine of Discovery and give some of the keywords for the podcast

Episode 0 - Introduction to Mapping the Doctrine of Discovery Podcast

Our hosts (Philip P. Arnold & Sandy Bigtree) speak with Onondaga Nation General Counsel Joe Heath.

Episode 01: The Legal Framework of the Doctrine of Christian Discovery in Practice

List of episodes in order

Helping listeners contextualize the Doctrine of Discovery.


Presented by the Indigenous Values Initiative, American Indian Law Alliance.

Welcome to Mapping the Doctrine of Discovery Podcast

Latest Episodes

Apple Podcasts

Spotify

PocketCast

Subscribe

This project was supported by grants from the Syracuse University Engaged Humanities Network and the Henry Luce Foundation.

Partners

Home

![Onondaga Lake East Shoreline](/images/onondaga-lake-east-shoreline.jpg)

We begin by acknowledging with respect the Onondaga Nation, Central Fire of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, on whose ancestral lands we now inhabit. Wherever you are located be aware of the Indigenous Peoples on whose lands you reside. We are mindful that the technology that makes this conference possible comes from the mineral extraction by multinational corporations, which decimate and displace Indigenous people and their land all over the world. May the information you glean from this podcast motivate you to uphold Indigenous values, protect Mother Earth, Honor Indian Treaties and hold your government and various institutions accountable who stand in the way.


Land Acknowledgement

This work is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


License

# Who we are

Our website address is: <http://doctrineofdiscovery.org>.

www.doctrineofdiscovery.org & doctrineofdiscovery.org & podcast.doctrineofdiscovery.org Privacy Policy

# ONLINE PRIVACY POLICY AGREEMENT

August 1, 2021

## Preamble

Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative (Doctrine Of Discovery) values its users' privacy. This Privacy Policy ("Policy") will help you understand how we collect and use personal information from those who visit our website or make use of our online facilities and services, and what we will and will not do with the information we collect. Our Policy has been designed and created to ensure those affiliated with Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative of our commitment and realization of our obligation not only to meet, but to exceed, most existing privacy standards.

We reserve the right to make changes to this Policy at any given time. If you want to make sure that you are up to date with the latest changes, we advise you to frequently visit this page. If at any point in time Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative decides to make use of any personally identifiable information on file, in a manner vastly different from that which was stated when this information was initially collected, the user or users shall be promptly notified by email. Users at that time shall have the option as to whether to permit the use of their information in this separate manner.

This Policy applies to Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative, and it governs any and all data collection and usage by us. Through the use of https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/, you are therefore consenting to the data collection procedures expressed in this Policy.

Please note that this Policy does not govern the collection and use of information by companies that Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiativedoes not control, nor by individuals not employed or managed by us. If you visit a website that we mention or link to, be sure to review its privacy policy before providing the site with information. It is highly recommended and suggested that you review the privacy policies and statements of any website you choose to use or frequent to better understand the way in which websites garner, make use of and share the information collected.

Specifically, this Policy will inform you of the following

1.  What personally identifiable information is collected from you through our website;

2.  Why we collect personally identifiable information and the legal basis for such collection;

3.  How we use the collected information and with whom it may be shared;

4.  What choices are available to you regarding the use of your data; and

5.  The security procedures in place to protect the misuse of your information.

Information We Collect

It is always up to you whether to disclose personally identifiable information to us, although if you

elect not to do so, we reserve the right not to register you as a user or provide you with any products or services. This website collects various types of information, such as:

*   Voluntarily provided information which may include your name, address, email address, billing and/or credit card information etc. which may be used when you purchase products and/or services and to deliver the services you have requested.

*   Information automatically collected when visiting our website, which may include cookies, third party tracking technologies and server logs.

In addition, Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative may have the occasion to collect non-personal anonymous demographic information, such as age, gender, household income, political affiliation, race and religion, as well as the type of browser you are using, IP address, or type of operating system, which will assist us in providing and maintaining superior quality service.

Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiativemay also deem it necessary, from time to time, to follow websites that our users may frequent to gleam what types of services and products may be the most popular to customers or the general public.

Please rest assured that this site will only collect personal information that you knowingly and willingly provide to us by way of surveys, completed membership forms, and emails. It is the intent of this site to use personal information only for the purpose for which it was requested, and any additional uses specifically provided for on this Policy.

## Why We Collect Information and For How Long

We are collecting your data for several reasons:

*   To better understand your needs and provide you with the services you have requested; To fulfill our legitimate interest in improving our services and products;

*   To send you promotional emails containing information we think you may like when we have your consent to do so;

*   To contact you to fill out surveys or participate in other types of market research, when we have your consent to do so;

*   To customize our website according to your online behavior and personal preferences.

The data we collect from you will be stored for no longer than necessary. The length of time we retain said information will be determined based upon the following criteria: the length of time your personal information remains relevant; the length of time it is reasonable to keep records to demonstrate that we have fulfilled our duties and obligations; any limitation periods within which claims might be made; any retention periods prescribed by law or recommended by regulators, professional bodies or associations; the type of contract we have with you, the existence of your consent, and our legitimate interest in keeping such information as stated in this Policy.

## Use of Information Collected

Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative does not now, nor will it in the future, sell, rent or lease any of its customer lists and/or names to any third parties.

Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative may collect and may make use of personal information to assist in the operation of our website and to ensure delivery of the services you need and request. At times, we may find it necessary to use personally identifiable information as a means to keep you informed of other possible products and/or services that may be available to you from https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/

Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative may also be in contact with you with regards to completing surveys and/or research questionnaires related to your opinion of current or potential future services that may be offered.

Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiativeuses various third-party social media features including but not limited to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, Pinterest and other interactive programs. These may collect your IP address and require cookies to work properly. These services are governed by the privacy policies of the providers and are not within Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative's control.

## Disclosure of Information

Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative may not use or disclose the information provided by you except under the following circumstances:

*   as necessary to provide services or products you have ordered;in other ways described in this Policy or to which you have otherwise consented; in the aggregate with other information in such a way so that your identity cannot

*   reasonably be determined; as required by law, or in response to a subpoena or search warrant; to outside auditors who have agreed to keep the information confidential;

*   as necessary to enforce the Terms of Service;

*   as necessary to maintain, safeguard and preserve all the rights and property of Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative.

## Non-Marketing Purposes

Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative greatly respects your privacy. We do maintain and reserve the right to contact you if needed for non-marketing purposes (such as bug alerts, security breaches, account issues, and/or changes in Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative products and services). In certain circumstances, we may use our website, newspapers, or other public means to post a notice.

## Children under the age of 13

Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative's website is not directed to, and does not knowingly collect personal identifiable information from, children under the age of thirteen (13). If it is determined that such information has been inadvertently collected on anyone under the age of thirteen (13), we shall immediately take the necessary steps to ensure that such information is deleted from our system's database, or in the alternative, that verifiable parental consent is obtained for the use and storage of such information. Anyone under the age of thirteen (13) must seek and obtain parent or guardian permission to use this website.

## Unsubscribe or Opt-Out

All users and visitors to our website have the option to discontinue receiving communications from us by way of email or newsletters. To discontinue or unsubscribe from our website please send an email that you wish to unsubscribe to Info@indigenousvalues.org. If you wish to unsubscribe or opt-out from any third-party websites, you must go to that specific website to unsubscribe or opt-out. Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative will continue to adhere to this Policy with respect to any personal information previously collected.

## Links to Other Websites

Our website does contain links to affiliate and other websites.Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative does not claim nor accept responsibility for any privacy policies, practices and/or procedures of other such websites. Therefore, we encourage all users and visitors to be aware when they leave our website and to read the privacy statements of every website that collects personally identifiable information. This Privacy Policy Agreement applies only and solely to the information collected by our website.

## Notice to European Union Users

Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative's operations are located primarily in the United States. If you provide information to us, the information will be transferred out of the European Union (EU) and sent to the United States. (The adequacy decision on the EU-US Privacy became operational on August 1, 2016. This framework protects the fundamental rights of anyone in the EU whose personal data is transferred to the United States for commercial purposes. It allows the free transfer of data to companies that are certified in the US under the Privacy Shield.) By providing personal information to us, you are consenting to its storage and use as described in this Policy.

## Your Rights as a Data Subject

Under the regulations of the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") of the EU you have certain rights as a Data Subject. These rights are as follows:

*   The right to be informed: this means we must inform you of how we intend to use your personal data and we do this through the terms of this Policy.

*   The right of access: this means you have the right to request access to the data we hold about you and we must respond to those requests within one month. You can do this by sending an email to info@indigenousvalues.org.

*   The right to rectification: this means that if you believe some of the date, we hold is incorrect, you have the right to have it corrected. You can do this by logging into your account with us, or by sending us an email with your request.

*   The right to erasure: this means you can request that the information we hold be deleted, and we will comply unless we have a compelling reason not to, in which case you will be informed of same. You can do this by sending an email to info@indigenousvalues.org.

*   The right to restrict processing: this means you can change your communication preferences or opt-out of certain communications. You can do this by sending an email to Info@indigenousvalues.org.

*   The right of data portability: this means you can obtain and use the data we hold for your own purposes without explanation. If you wish to request a copy of your information, contact us at info@indigenousvalues.org.

*   The right to object: this means you can file a formal objection with us regarding our use of your information with regard to third parties, or its processing where our legal basis is our legitimate interest in it. To do this, please send an email to info@indigenousvalues.org.

In addition to the rights above, please rest assured that we will always aim to encrypt and anonymize your personal information whenever possible. We also have protocols in place in the unlikely event that we suffer a data breach and we will contact you if your personal information is ever at risk. For more details regarding our security protections see the section below or visit our website at https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/.

## Security

Doctrine Of Discovery/Indigenous Values Initiative takes precautions to protect your information. When you submit sensitive information via the website, your information is protected both online and offline. Wherever we collect sensitive information (e.g. credit card information), that information is encrypted and transmitted to us in a secure way. You can verify this by looking for a lock icon in the address bar and looking for "https" at the beginning of the address of the webpage.

While we use encryption to protect sensitive information transmitted online, we also protect your information offline. Only employees who need the information to perform a specific job (for example, billing or customer service) are granted access to personally identifiable information. The computers and servers in which we store personally identifiable information are kept in a secure environment. This is all done to prevent any loss, misuse, unauthorized access, disclosure or modification of the user's personal information under our control.

The company also uses Secure Socket Layer (SSL) for authentication and private communications to build users' trust and confidence in the internet and website use by providing simple and secure access and communication of credit card and personal information.

## Acceptance of Terms

By using this website, you are hereby accepting the terms and conditions stipulated within the Privacy Policy Agreement. If you are not in agreement with our terms and conditions, then you should refrain from further use of our sites. In addition, your continued use of our website following the posting of any updates or changes to our terms and conditions shall mean that you agree and acceptance of such changes.

## How to Contact Us

If you have any questions or concerns regarding the Privacy Policy Agreement related to our website, please feel free to contact us at the following email, telephone number or mailing address.

Email: info@indigenousvalues.org

Mailing Address:



Indigenous Values Initiative

PO Box 336De Witt, New York13214-9211, USA



The data controller responsible for your personal information for the purposes of GDPR compliance is:

Philip P. Arnold Info@indigenousvalues.org

## GDPR Disclosure:

If you answered "yes" to the question Does your website comply with the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR")? then the Privacy Policy above includes language that is meant to account for such compliance. Nevertheless, in order to be fully compliant with GDPR regulations your company must fulfill other requirements such as: (i) doing an assessment of data processing activities to improve security; (ii) have a data processing agreement with any third party vendors; (iii) appoint a data protection officer for the company to monitor GDPR compliance; (iv) designate a representative based in the EU under certain circumstances; and (v) have a protocol in place to handle a potential data breach. For more details on how to make sure your company is fully compliant with GDPR, please visit the official website at https://gdpr.eu. FormSwift and its subsidiaries are in no way responsible for determining whether or not your company is in fact compliant with GDPR and takes no responsibility for the use you make of this Privacy Policy or for any potential liability your company may face in relation to any GDPR compliance issues.

## COPPA Compliance Disclosure:

This Privacy Policy presumes that your website is not directed at children under the age of 13 and does not knowingly collect personal identifiable information from them or allow others to do the same through your site. If this is not true for your website or online service and you do collect such information (or allow others to do so), please be aware that you must be compliant with all COPPA regulations and guidelines in order to avoid violations which could lead to law enforcement actions, including civil penalties.

In order to be fully compliant with COPPA your website or online service must fulfill other requirements such as: (i) posting a privacy policy which describes not only your practices, but also the practices of any others collecting personal information on your site or service — for example, plug-ins or ad networks; (ii) include a prominent link to your privacy policy anywhere you collect personal information from children; (iii) include a description of parental rights (e.g. that you won't require a child to disclose more information than is reasonably necessary, that they can review their child's personal information, direct you to delete it, and refuse to allow any further collection or use of the child's information, and the procedures to exercise their rights); (iv) give parents "direct notice" of your information practices before collecting information from their children; and (v) obtain the parents' "verifiable consent" before collecting, using or disclosing personal information from a child. For more information on the definition of these terms and how to make sure your website or online service is fully compliant with COPPA please visit https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business- center/guidance/childrens-online-privacy-protection-rule-six-step-compliance. FormSwift and its subsidiaries are in no way responsible for determining whether or not your company is in fact compliant with COPPA and takes no responsibility for the use you make of this Privacy Policy or for any potential liability your company may face in relation to any COPPA compliance issues.

Last Edited on 2021-08-10


Privacy Policy


This is a paragraph. Malesuada bibendum arcu vitae elementum curabitur vitae nunc sed. Fringilla urna porttitor rhoncus dolor purus. Consectetur purus ut faucibus pulvinar. Nullam non nisi est sit. Tellus in metus vulputate eu scelerisque felis. Nunc congue nisi vitae suscipit tellus mauris. Phasellus egestas tellus rutrum tellus pellentesque eu tincidunt. Fermentum iaculis eu non diam phasellus vestibulum. Faucibus turpis in eu mi bibendum neque egestas congue.

# This is an H1
## This is an H2
### This is an H3
#### This is an H4
##### This is an H5
###### This is an H6

## Quoting

Nullam hendrerit dictum vehicula. Nunc nec tortor et dui vestibulum venenatis. Donec mattis ligula ac efficitur lacinia.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Donec pretium vulputate sapien nec sagittis aliquam. Turpis massa sed elementum tempus egestas sed sed. Orci a scelerisque purus semper eget duis at tellus at. Lacus luctus accumsan tortor posuere ac. 

> Ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit ut aliquam purus. Ultrices sagittis orci a scelerisque purus semper eget duis. Pharetra pharetra massa massa ultricies. Felis eget nunc lobortis mattis aliquam.

In cursus turpis massa tincidunt. Tempor nec feugiat nisl pretium. Odio aenean sed adipiscing diam. Ut aliquam purus sit amet luctus venenatis lectus magna fringilla. Justo laoreet sit amet cursus sit amet dictum. Turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus feugiat in ante metus.

In non tempus urna, non blandit nisl. Phasellus aliquam, tellus et lobortis dictum, justo turpis placerat est, sed luctus nunc elit eu odio. Phasellus imperdiet, nulla a elementum tempor, nisi elit tincidunt dolor, eget venenatis metus libero et elit.

Vivamus tempus ornare urna, eget imperdiet quam venenatis ac. Donec fermentum massa id aliquet vulputate. Nam vestibulum ornare est, sed tincidunt mauris interdum a. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Pellentesque sit amet arcu sed risus vehicula fermentum sit amet a neque. Sed imperdiet lacinia magna sit amet dapibus. Orci varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Aenean non purus a quam placerat luctus. Proin orci risus, lobortis ut dictum at, gravida at nulla. 

## Unordered and Ordered Lists

+ Donec non tortor in arcu mollis feugiat
+ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit
+ Donec id eros eget quam aliquam gravida
+ Vivamus convallis urna id felis
+ Nulla porta tempus sapien

***

1. Donec non tortor in arcu mollis feugiat
2. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit
3. Donec id eros eget quam aliquam gravida
4. Vivamus convallis urna id felis
5. Nulla porta tempus sapien

## Code Blocks

Blocks of code are either fenced by lines with three back-ticks, or are indented with four spaces.

```
let sequence = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13];
for (let i = 0; i < sequence.length; i++) {
  console.log(sequence[i]);
}
```

## Inline Elements

Emphasis, aka italics, with *asterisks* or _underscores_.

Strong emphasis, aka bold, with **asterisks** or __underscores__.

Combined emphasis with **asterisks and _underscores_**.

Strikethrough uses two tildes. ~~Scratch this.~~

Inline `code` with `back-ticks around` it.

This is <mark>marked or highlighted</mark> text.

This is [an example](http://example.com) link.

## Tables

<div class="responsive-table">
  <table>
      <caption>Table with thead, tfoot, and tbody</caption>
    <thead>
      <tr>
        <th>Header content</th>
        <th>Header content</th>
        <th>Header content</th>
        <th>Header content</th>
      </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td>Body content</td>
        <td>Body content</td>
        <td>Body content</td>
        <td>Body content</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Body content</td>
        <td>Body content</td>
        <td>Body content</td>
        <td>Body content</td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
    <tfoot>
      <tr>
        <td>Footer content</td>
        <td>Footer content</td>
    <td>Footer content</td>
    <td>Footer content</td>
      </tr>
    </tfoot>
  </table>
</div>
